Monday, July 19, 2010

Empire of the Summer Moon: Quanah Parker and the Rise and Fall of the Comanches, the Most Powerful Indian Tribe in American History

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In the tradition of Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, a stunningly vivid historical account of the forty-year battle between Comanche Indians and white settlers for control of the American West, centering on Quanah, the greatest Comanche chief of them all.

S. C. Gwynne’s Empire of the Summer Moonspans two astonishing stories. The first traces the rise and fall of the Comanches, the most powerful Indian tribe in American history. The second entails one of the most remarkable narratives ever to come out of the Old West: the epic saga of the pioneer woman Cynthia Ann Parker and her mixed-blood son Quanah, who became the last and greatest chief of the Comanches.

Although readers may be more familiar with the tribal names Apache and Sioux, it was in fact the legendary fighting ability of the Comanches that determined just how and when the American West opened up. Comanche boys became adept bareback riders by age six; full Comanche braves were considered the best horsemen who ever rode. They were so masterful at war and so skillful with their arrows and lances that they stopped the northern drive of colonial Spain from Mexico and halted the French expansion westward from Louisiana. White settlers arriving in Texas from the eastern United States were surprised to find the frontier being rolled backward by Comanches incensed by the invasion of their tribal lands. So effective were the Comanches that they forced the creation of the Texas Rangers and account for the advent of the new weapon specifically designed to fight them: the six-gun.

The war with the Comanches lasted four decades, in effect holding up the development of the new American nation. Gwynne’s exhilarating account delivers a sweeping narrative that encompasses Spanish colonialism, the Civil War, the destruction of the buffalo herds, and the arrival of the railroads—a historical feast for anyone interested in how the United States came into being.

Against this backdrop Gwynne presents the compelling drama of Cynthia Ann Parker, a lovely nine-year-old girl with cornflower-blue eyes who was kidnapped by Comanches from the far Texas frontier in 1836. She grew to love her captors and became infamous as the "White Squaw" who refused to return until her tragic capture by Texas Rangers in 1860. More famous still was her son Quanah, a warrior who was never defeated and whose guerrilla wars in the Texas Panhandle made him a legend.

S. C. Gwynne’s account of these events is meticulously researched, intellectually provocative, and, above all, thrillingly told. Empire of the Summer Moon announces him as a major new writer of American history.

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±1±: Best Buy The author provides a very exciting and powerful account of the Comanche that literally ruled a large portion of Texas and parts of Oklahoma, pushing the Apache west to Arizona and stopped the expansion of the Spanish. The domination of their lands and their fierce ability to defend their expansive home lands provides them a long history of independence. The author notes in detail their savvy ability to live off land that seem relatively barren and harsh while having a reputation as one of the greatest fighters on horseback in the west with the ability to fire multiple arrows from any position on horseback. The author provides a rather frightening account of how severe the Comanche treated their foes, that seems extraordinary cruel. The author; however, stipulates that as harsh and cruel that it may seem, it wasn't much different from how other tribes treated their enemies. The fierceness and lighting strike abilities seemed to have a dramatic impact on western expansion in Texas and the book predominately centers on their final years on a collision course with Texans that although slow to expand into Comanche lands they do so through daringness and in some cases neglect. In the latter case, the Parker clan is a case in point as they build their own settlement on the furthest reaches of white homesteads on or in Comanche territory resulting in the capture of Cynthia Parker and several others while the male population does not survive. Cynthia becomes the mother of Quanah Parker. Fascinating parts of the book are descriptions of the Comanche cultural, different sub tribes, the fascinating landscapes of canyons, prairie and desolate areas that made up the Comanche territory and of course their dramatic ability to attack and defend. The story of Buffalo Hump's long campaign deep into the heart of settlements in Texas is incredulous as his band suffers little loss. Other aspects include a collision with the Texas Rangers in the 1830s and 40s led by Jack Hays who dared to enter Comanche territory with group of die hard men that the author seemingly describes as very unique and tough individuals, they sounds like a cross between mountain men and Hell's Angels on horseback. How these hardened individual could with stand campaigning in harsh climates with limited resources and very little in the way of compensation while enduring high casualties is quite amazing. Eventually, the collision includes the sudden appearance of the colt revolver that forever changes the art of warfare against the Comanche. Also of great interest is James Parker who searches for his niece, Cynthia Anne, without success in spite of the rumors of her existence that were actually true. Parker's relentless search was captured in the great John Wayne flick, "The Searchers" although the film captures a later time period. There is, of course, an in depth description of Quanah Parker who rose to become a chief and one of the most difficult bands to find and conquer. His collision course or lack of, with General Randal McKenzie is riveting as parker mystifies his pursuers repeatedly in canyons and high country eventually wearing out his pursuers for the time being. Although McKenzie's never stop campaigns caught up with many villages to destroy their materials, along with the buffalo hunters that destroyed the herds; he eventually subjugates the Comanche by eliminating their way of life. This follows Sheridan's typical plan, first used in the Shenandoah Valley, to remove subsistence and the ability to operate by capturing or killing their splendid mustangs. The last 100 pages center on the army's campaigns against the Comanche and tithe eventual adjustments made to reservation life. The author provides details on Parker's band that is one of the last to surrender to reservation life. What is unique about Parker is his personality, which is described as very positive, with the kind ability to share his resources and to get along well with virtually anyone native or white. He eventually serves as a broker between tribal members and the army and on his own, brings in Comanche that breaks away. He also had the unique ability to become friends with Mckenzie and Charles Goodright; the latter bring the great western cattleman who actually took possession of a large portion of Comanche land. Parker adapted many white ways, from living in a modest mansion to wearing stylish clothes, and he was able to barter with whites on behalf of the Comanche to obtain fees for cattle trespassing on reservation land bringing money into the tribe as well as establishing himself for many years as a modest cattle baron. This ability to arrange compensation was indicative of his smart intellect. Parker eventual is recognized as a central chief for the Comanche and serves in that capacity for many years. He even entertains many celebrities in the early 1900s like Theodore Roosevelt. Parker even represents his tribe in attempts to protect them from land deals that did not have the Comanche's best interests.
One clash of culture that was fascinating was the description of group of Comanche that bring in a white woman captive to a town in an arranged barter for her release. The group was used to trading with the Comanchereos thus they arrive with their families for a great opportunity to purchase and exchange goods. However, once the town folk observe the physical condition of female captive; they turn on the Comanche. The Comanche are caught completely surprised totally unaware that the appearance of their captive would be considered harsh. The mini biography of General "Bad hand" McKenzie is also well detailed and makes you want to learn more about him as one of the most daring Indian campaigners. The break down of his health may have contributed to lack of recognition at the time of his death.
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Tuesday, July 6, 2010

Allied Invasion of Sicily: Allied Invasion of Sicily, Operation Husky Order of Battle, Operation Mincemeat, Operation Ladbroke

±1±: Now is the time Allied Invasion of Sicily: Allied Invasion of Sicily, Operation Husky Order of Battle, Operation Mincemeat, Operation Ladbroke Order Today!


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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Allied Invasion of Sicily, Operation Husky Order of Battle, Operation Mincemeat, Operation Ladbroke, Operation Fustian, Biscari Massacre, Canicattì Massacre, Operation Corkscrew, Once There Was a War, Operation Chestnut, Operation Barclay, Operation Narcissus. Excerpt: item Sicilian Campaign item Belligerents item United Kingdom United States Canada Free French : Italy Germany item Commanders item Dwight D. Eisenhower Harold Alexander Bernard Montgomery George S. Patton : Albert Kesselring Alfredo Guzzoni Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin item Strength item 160,000 personnel 14,000 vehicles 600 tanks 1,800 guns: 230,000 Italian personnel 40,000 German personnel 260 Tanks 1,400 aircraft item Casualties and losses item 22,000 casualties : Germany : 10,000 casualties Italy : 132,000 casualties (mainly POWs ) item A hyperlinked version of this chapter is at The Biscari massacre includes two World War II incidents in which US soldiers were involved in killing unarmed German and Italian prisoners of war at Biscari (modern Acate , southern Sicily , Italy ) in 1943. Massacre Following the capture of the Biscari Airfield on 14 July 1943, during the Allied invasion of Sicily , troops of the 180th Regimental Combat Team, 45th (Thunderbird) Division murdered 74 Italian and two German POWs. The killings occurred in separate incidents between July and August 1943. In the first massacre, 34 Italians and two German soldiers died, while the second killing involved 40 Italians. Aftermath When he was informed of the massacre, General Omar Bradley told General George S. Patton that US troops had murdered some 50 to 70 prisoners in cold blood. Patton noted his response in his diary: I told Bradley that it was probably an exaggeration, but in any case to tell the officer to certify that the dead men ...

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